Integrated water resource management in a major canal command in eastern India     

S. K. Raul  Sudhindra N. Panda  H. Holländer  M. Billib 《水文研究》2011,25(16):2551-2562

The present rice‐dominated cropping system in the Hirakud canal command (eastern India) is under severe threat due to imbalance between irrigation water supply and demand. The canal water supply, which is the only source of irrigation, only meets 54% of the demand at 90% probability of exceedance (PE). In order to mitigate the irrigation water deficit from canal water, groundwater is considered as a supplemental source. Quasi‐three‐dimensional groundwater flow simulation modelling was, therefore, carried out by using Visual MODFLOW to detect the change in hydraulic head due to transient pumping stresses. The simulation model was calibrated and validated satisfactorily. Sensitivity analysis of the model parameters shows that groundwater recharge is most sensitive followed by aquifer hydraulic conductivity at almost all the sites of the command area, whereas the model is comparatively less sensitive to specific storage and specific yield. Enhanced pumping scenarios showed that groundwater extraction can be increased up to 50 times of the existing pumping without causing any adverse effect to the aquifer but the aquifer does not permit to exploit water in order to fulfill the irrigation water demand even at 10% PE. Hence, it is imperative to develop an optimal land and water resources management plan of the command area. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

最大熵模型的巴基斯坦遗址预测分布研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

吴瑞婵  甘淑  于丽君  朱建峰  刘芳 《测绘科学》2021,46(3):96-103

针对巴基斯坦的遗址分布问题,该文通过对巴基斯坦的遗址分布进行预测,基于674处遗址点,选取DEM、土壤类型、土地利用类型、离水距等环境变量作为自变量,构建Maxent遗址预测模型,利用Logistic模型验证Maxent模型的精度,并用Kvamme增益值进一步验证两模型的精度。结果表明,印度河流域遗址分布概率高,北部高地地区遗址分布概率低。Maxent模型和Logistic模型都具有较高的准确度,而Maxent模型的增益值远大于Logistic模型,模型精度更高;在局部尺度下,Maxent模型表现更加稳定,其增益值基本保持不变,而Logistic模型在不同的子区域内增益值并不稳定。Maxent模型对于小规模数据集的预测效果也优于Logistic模型。  相似文献   

重庆主城区暴雨强度公式推算和应用探讨   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

郭渠  廖代强  孙佳  程炳岩  康俊  张驰  魏麟骁 《气象》2015,41(3):336-345

根据重庆市主城区沙坪坝、北碚、巴南、渝北站1981-2013年逐分钟降水资料,基于年最大值和年多个样法两种数据采样方式,采用皮尔逊Ⅲ型分布、耿贝尔分布和指数分布曲线拟合,分别编制了暴雨强度公式。结果表明:年最大值法取样推求的暴雨强度值在10 a以下重现期部分小于年多个样法,在11-30 a重现期部分两者差别小,在31-100 a重现期部分年最大值法大于年多个样法。4站均以年多个样法取样推求的暴雨强度公式误差最小。巴南和北碚选用1981-2013年、渝北与沙坪坝选用1991-2013年降水数据根据年多个样法取样采用指数分布曲线拟合推算的暴雨强度公式。通过分析各历时降水量空间分布特征,划定了新编暴雨强度公式在重庆主城区的适用范围。  相似文献   

Thermal Fronts Atlas of Canadian Coastal Waters     

Frédéric Cyr  Pierre Larouche 《大气与海洋》2015,53(2):212-236

Oceanic fronts are often associated with enhanced biological activity. Depending on their generation mechanism, they are often linked to specific geographical areas. Here we use 25 years of high-resolution satellite sea surface temperature (SST) daily images to generate maps of SST fronts over Canadian coastal waters. Results show that fronts are ubiquitous features, but some fronts are more persistent than others. We confirmed the location of previously known major fronts, but some new persistent frontal areas were also detected as a result of the use of high-resolution (1.1?km) data and a methodology adapted to detect smaller-scale frontal features. Results also show that some of the frontal areas are associated with enhanced phytoplankton biomass or higher trophic level organisms (whales and birds) confirming the ecological importance of this physical process.  相似文献   

陕西胥家村黄土滑坡风险定量分析     

张成航  王佳运  高波  冯卫 《地质通报》2015,34(11):2138-2142

单体滑坡风险定量分析是风险评估的重要途径。为了探索单体滑坡风险定量评估方法,以陕西西安胥家村滑坡为例,在野外调查、室内分析测试和滑坡稳定性计算的基础上,利用可靠度方法,计算一般和强降雨2种工况条件下胥家村滑坡发生的概率;利用定量评价方法,分析各类承灾体在滑坡作用下的易损性;然后利用国际通用的单体滑坡风险计算公式,计算胥家村滑坡财产损失和人员伤亡的总风险值,定量评估滑坡的潜在威胁。研究表明,一般工况下,财产总风险为15.4万元,人员总风险为1.3人;强降雨工况下,胥家村滑坡的失稳概率成倍增加,相应的财产和人员风险也成倍增加,财产的总风险达到95.8万元,人员总风险为8.3人。  相似文献   

中国特别重大自然灾害损失统计的最新进展——《特别重大自然灾害损失统计制度》解析     

周洪建  王丹丹  袁艺  郝明月 《地球科学进展》2015,30(5):530-538

以《特别重大自然灾害损失统计制度》(简称《统计制度》)主要执笔人的视角,详细阐述了制度的主要内容、蕴含的科学问题和未来研究方向。《统计制度》报表和指标设计在与现有国家标准保持一致、历经汶川地震等多次重特大灾害实践检验完善、充分吸收相关行业部门意见和建议、适用于多灾种与灾害链损失统计、实用于灾后恢复重建规划编制等方面均体现出其权威性与最新性,《统计制度》具备科学性、综合性、实用性和动态性等特征。《统计制度》在推进特别重大自然灾害损失综合评估、启发涉灾行业部门开展专项深入研究、引领地方建立相关制度等方面具有极大潜力。  相似文献   

基于单轨道OT DInSAR的矿山时序三维多量级形变重建     

张乐乐  刘波  贾世利  常英豪  王佳冰  魏增明 《大地测量与地球动力学》2021,41(9):886-894

提出一种矿山地表时序三维多量级形变重建方法。首先利用单轨道OT和DInSAR技术提取LOS向非连续的多量级形变;再结合形变先验融合模型和概率积分法构建矿山三维多量级形变重建模型;最后以神东大柳塔矿山52303工作面为研究对象,对覆盖研究区的6对高分辨率TerraSAR-X数据进行时序处理,获取长时间序列的矿山地表三维多量级形变监测结果。与水准测量结果对比发现,该方法与水准测量结果形变趋势一致,垂直向、东西向和南北向的均方根误差（RMSE）分别小于0.188 0 m、0.224 3 m和0.207 4 m。该方法不仅能准确测量矿山地表三维多量级形变,还能精细反演矿山地表沉降漏斗边缘到中心的形变特征。  相似文献   

内蒙古山洞台站背景噪声特征分析     

安全  赵艳红  郭延杰  刘永梅 《大地测量与地球动力学》2021,41(12):1312-1316

计算内蒙古测震台网2019-12~2020-11山洞观测数据的加速度功率谱密度（PSD）和相应的概率密度函数(PDF),研究相应台站的背景噪声特征。结果表明,高频段背景噪声的昼夜差异显著,疫情防控期间噪声水平明显低于其他时段;次级微震频段背景噪声季节性变化显著,噪声水平冬季强、夏季弱,随着台站离海岸线距离增大,PSD峰值有逐渐减小的趋势;主微震频段背景噪声在10~20 s均有峰值,峰值冬季最强,春、夏、秋季基本没有差异,不同台站同一季节峰值差异小;长周期段噪声水平四季差异不大,春、夏季略高于秋、冬季。  相似文献   

Spatial structure analysis of a reptile community with airborne LiDAR data     

N. Sillero  Luís Gonçalves-Seco 《International journal of geographical information science》2014,28(8):1709-1722

The analysis of the spatial structure of animal communities requires spatial data to determine the distribution of individuals and their limiting factors. New technologies like very precise GPS as well as satellite imagery and aerial photographs of very high spatial resolution are now available. Data from airborne LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) sensors can provide digital models of ground and vegetation surfaces with pixel sizes of less than 1 m. We present the first study in terrestrial herpetology using LiDAR data. We aim to identify the spatial patterns of a community of four species of lizards (Lacerta schreiberi, Timon lepidus, Podarcis bocagei, and P. hispanica), and to determine how the habitat is influencing the distribution of the species spatially. The study area is located in Northern Portugal. The position of each lizard was recorded during 16 surveys of 1 h with a very precise GPS (error < 1 m). LiDAR data provided digital models of surface, terrain, and normalised height. From these data, we derived slope, ruggedness, orientation, and hill-shading variables. We applied spatial statistics to determine the spatial structure of the community. We computed Maxent ecological niche models to determine the importance of environmental variables. The community and its species presented a clustered distribution. We identified 14 clusters, composed of 1–3 species. Species records showed two distribution patterns, with clusters associated with steep and flat areas. Cluster outliers had the same patterns. Juveniles and subadults were associated with areas of low quality, while sexes used space in similar ways. Maxent models identified suitable habitats across the study area for two species and in the flat areas for the other two species. LiDAR allowed us to understand the local distributions of a lizard community. Remotely sensed data and LiDAR are giving new insights into the study of species ecology. Images of higher spatial resolutions are necessary to map important factors such as refuges.  相似文献   

江苏及邻近海域深水波浪与增水联合概率分析     

谢冬梅  陈永平  张长宽  李江夏 《海洋工程》2014,32(4):64-71

采用Gumbel Logistic模型对江苏及邻近海域深水极值波浪与增水进行了联合概率分析。首先对联合概率模型参数进行拟合,得到联合超越概率与经验联合超越概率比较图。在此基础上开展有效波高和增水年极值序列联合概率分析,比较了三种经验有效波高与增水重现期组合事件的联合概率,结果表明在选定的13个代表点位处,有效波高在二者的联合概率分布中处于主导地位,采用100年一遇有效波高与10年一遇增水组合事件作为100年一遇联合事件偏保守;而50年一遇有效波高与50年一遇增水以及10年一遇有效波高与100年一遇增水组合事件的联合概率则随着点位的移动而高于或低于100年一遇的水平。  相似文献